PENGARUH BAHASA TERHADAP PERBEDAAN PENDAPAT PARA IMAM MUJTAHID DALAM MENAFSIRKAN AYAT-AYAT HUKUM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v36i1.108Abstract
Abstrak: Pada tataran tertentu, para ulama berbeda dan tidak sepakat tentang beberapa persoalan hukum. Ketidaksepakatan itu dilatarbelakangi oleh berbagai hal, salah satu di antaranya adalah persoalan kebahasaan. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana para mujtahid berbeda dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat hukum yang menurut penulis terdiri dari enam aspek, yaitu 1) pemaknaan hurûf jâr dan hurûf ‘athf, 2) penentuan makna fi‘il (kata kerja) dan ism (kata benda), 3) menentukan objek yang ditunjuki ism isyârah, 4) menentukan tempat pengembalian ism dhamîr, 5) menentukan kuantitas dan kualitas makna suatu lafal, dan 6) penentuan makna haqîqy atau majâzy suatu lafal. Penulis mengemukakan bahwa sebagai konsekuensi dari perbedaan kebahasaan ini, para imam mujtahid memiliki pemahaman dan penafsiran yang berbeda terhadap ayat-ayat hukum Islam, yang pada gilirannya melahirkan keragaman umat Islam dalam beribadah dan bermuamalah.Abstract: The Linguistic Influence on the Divergence of Jurisprudents Opinion in Interpreting Qur’anic Legal Verses. At certain level, the jurisprudents disputed and disagreed on a number of legal issues. Such disagreement stems from various aspects, one of which is linguistic problem. This article studies how the jurisprudents are different in interpreting legal verses, which according to the author consists of six aspects, namely identifying hurûf jâr (preposition) and hurûf ‘athf (conjuntion); determining the meaning of fi‘l (verb) and ism (noun); deciding the object to which ism isyârah and pronoun refers to; deciding quantity and quality of the meaning of a word and sentence; and identifying ma’na haqîqy (definite or real meaning) of a word and sentence and its ma‘na majâzy (metaphor). The author argues that as a consequence of these differences, Muslim scholars have different understanding of Islamic legal verses, which in turn lead to divergence of implementation of Islamic laws within the Muslim community both in the ritual and social dealings.Kata Kunci: hukum Islam, perbedaan pendapat, bahasa, penafsiran
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2016-02-10
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